Brucios (of Latin bruttii ) was a town of the south of Italy, between the country of lucanos and the Straits of Sicily ; that is to say, in present Calabria .

Etimología

There was no name for the country altogether (named the Brucio or Brutti ), although the later authors often named to the region like Bruttium, but the name was not used in Greek Roman time of called Bretia.

Limits

Their limits were:
  • to the north Lucania, of which they were in favor separated of the Laus river;
  • to the west, the Tirrenean Sea ; and to the south and this sea of Sicily, including Gulf of Tarento .

The meeting point was the promontory of Leucopetra, at present called Hood dell' Armi .

History

His first inhabitants were mentioned by the classic authors like Enotrios, of pelásgico origin, of which there were several subdivisions. This town was the one that lived there to the arrival of the first Greek colonists, in few diverse years settled down Greek colonies :

  • Crotona, aquea colony founded on 710  a.

  • Scyllacion (Scyllatium), athenian colony .
  • Caulonia, colony of Crotona.
  • Locri
  • Rhegion (Rhegium), calcídica colony.
  • Medma, colony of Locri.
  • Hipponion, colony of Locri.
  • Terina, colony of Crotona.

In IV  century; a., the lucanos, that had been extended to the south and they already dominated the north of the country of the enotrios ( Oenotria ) they entered the peninsula of the brucios and established his dominion there, reducing to its inhabitants to the servitude, probably after the victory on Turios in 390  a. and before 360  a.

In this last date the old population, mixed with lucanos slaves and other sheltered lucanos rebels in mountains, rebelled itself directed by lucanos young people and took the power. The name of brucios that occurred them was a word lucana that means to slave or rebel. When the brucios obtained the power, they assumed the name they made and it derive from a hero of name Bruttus or Brettos, son of Hercules and Bravery; Justino says that Bruttia was the name of a woman who directed the revolt and that assumed the queen title. The taking of the power according to Diodoro Sículo took place in 356  a.

The brucios, established in the mountainous zones, also initiated the submission of the Greek cities lucanas and: Hiponion, Terinba and Turios. allied with lucanos and formed confederation against Greek, who they asked for aid to king Alexander de Epiro, that went to a war during which it conquered Heraclea de Lucania, Consentia and Terina, but finally died in combat in Pandosia in 326  a. was Agatocles that fought against the brucios and lucanos, knocked down the coast and occupied some cities like Hipponion (turned into strength and naval base), forcing the brucios to sign a disadvantageous peace; but died Agatocles La Paz it was broken, and the brucios recovered Hiponion ( Hipponium ).

In the following years was the expansion of Rome the one that threatened the brucios, and in 282  a. allied with Samnio and Lucania against Rome. They shortly after appear like aids of Pirro of Epiro, but after the death of the king and its expulsion of Italy they had to take the weight of the war. Defeated by Key Fabricio Luscino and Lucio Papirio Cursor, finally were put under in 272  a., and had to yield the forest of Sila, a great wood reserve. Its submission, however, was still weak; remained neutral in First Punic War, but in second, due to the successes of Aníbal, declared to their favor after Batalla de Cannas . Some cities continued being loyal Rome, like Petelia and Cosentia, but they were reduced by the brucios, helped by small Carthaginian force; also and Crotona occupied the cities of Locri, and Rhegium solely remained opposite to the Carthaginians. the general Hannón, lieutenant of Aníbal, was defeated in Batalla de Grumentum by Tiberio Sempronio Graco and it retired towards the country of the Brucios, where received reinforcements of Carthage directed by Bomílcar, and the region became fortress of the Carthaginians. After the defeat of Asdrúbal, Aníbal also retired to the country of the brucios, where it continued the war during four years. The headquarters of Aníbal was in Crotona or in a place of the gulf of named Scyllacium It castrates Hannibalis. Finally Aníbal left Italy.

The Roman repression surely had a serious effect on the region; part of its territory was confiscated and all the nation reduced to slavery . Roman civil colonies settled down in Tempsa and Crotona and a colony of Latin right in Hipponium, red-baptize the Alive Bravery . In addition in Turios, bordering with the country of the brucios, another colony settled down. Consequently, the town brucio disappeared of history.

During the revolt of Espartaco, this one, defeated by Gross, took refuge in the old country of the brucios, that Plutarco denominated then like Peninsula of Rhegium. Espartaco took the war towards Lucania and tried to send to its people to Sicily .

During the civil wars, the coast of the country was knocked down by floats of Sixth Pompeyo . Octavio established his live army and its fleet Bravery. Estrabón says that the region, in its time, was in a decay wait state. August included it in the third region, along with Lucania, and the two provinces administratively remained united until the fall of Roman Empire, under the government of a called magistrate corrector. Liber Coloniarum differentiates the Bruttiorum province from the Lucania.

With the fall of the Empire was dominion of Ostrogodos, but was recovered by the generals of Justiniano, and remained into the hands of Byzantine until Century XI . During this period the name of Calabria settled down, that before was applied Pulla .

It is also seen

  • Batalla de Pandosia
  • Batalla de Crotona

Main rivers

  • Laos or Laus (today Lao)
  • Ocinaros or Sabatus (today Savuto)
  • Lametos or Lametus (today Lanzato)
  • Angitulos or Angitula (today Angitola)
  • Medma or Mesma (today Mesima)
  • Metauros or Metaurus (today Marro)
  • Creteis (today Solano)
  • Hsalex (today It stakes out)
  • Cesinos or Caesinus (today Piscopio)
  • Butrotos or Buthrotus (today Novito)
  • Lucanos or Lucanus (today Locano)
  • Sagras (today Alaro)
  • Heloros or Helorus (where a battle in got rid 389  a. between Greek and the Dionisio the Old man, probably today the Capillari river)
  • Carcines or Carcinus (today Ancinale)
  • Crotalos or Crotalis (today Corace)
  • Semiros or Semitrus (today Simmari)
  • Aroces (today Crocchio)
  • Targines (today Tacina)
  • Esaros or Aesarus (today Esaro)
  • Neathos or Neaethus (today Net)
  • Hylies (today Fiumenicà)
  • Traens or Trais (where the Lovers of luxury were defeated, today probably the Trionto)
  • Crathis

Mountains

  • Silsa
  • Aspromonte
  • It mounts Clibanus
  • It mounts Latymnius

Cities

Excluded the Greek colonies:
  • Cerilli
  • Clampetia
  • Tempsa
  • Nuceria
  • Lametium
  • Napetium
  • Metaurum
  • Scyllaeum
  • Mystia
  • It castrates Hannibalis
  • Petelia
  • Crimisa
  • Consentia (capital of the Brucios)
  • Pandosia
  • Apostum
  • Mamertium
  • Tisia
  • Argentanum
  • Uffugum
  • Vergae
  • Hetriculum
  • Sypheum
  • Siberena
  • Tarannia or Tauranium
  • Caprasia or Tarsia
  • Roscianum
  • Portus Parthenius
  • Portus Herculis
  • Portus Orestis
  • Portus Balarus

Cities previous to the Brucios: Macalla, Cone, Badiza, Ixias, Brystacia, Ariantha or Arintha, Cyterium, Menecina, Ninaea, Erimon, and Sestium.

Communications

The initial route that happened through the country called Via Popilia and was constructed by C. Popilius, and went of Muranum ( Murano ), in Lucania, until Caprasia or Tarsia . Another route went of Thuris, happening through Roscianum and Paternum until Scyllacium and Rhegium.
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