amueshas or yaneshas, is one Ethnic group of Peruvian amazonian Forest . At present his population |registered promotes to 7,000 distributed people in 48 communities that are located in Provinces of Port Inca ( Huánuco ), Chanchamayo ( Junín ) and Oxapampa ( Pasco ). They are a relatively small group because they constitute as soon as the 2,91 % of the Indigenous inhabitants registered in Amazonia of Peru . Their communities are located, in a rank of altitude that goes of the 200 to the 1,600 Meters on the level of Sea, in the borders of Rivers Pichis, Palcazu, Pachitea, Huancabamba, Cacazú, Chorobamba, Yurinaqui, among others.

History

amuesha, that denominates to themselves yanesha, belongs to the linguistic group Arahuaco, that also integrate Asháninkas, Piros, etc. Their first contact with western world had through mercedarios Friars that in second half of Century XVI penetrated in the region, but was not but until the beginning of Century XVIII that the missionaries, this time franciscan, managed to settle down stable relations with this ethnic group and other that inhabited the zone. The father Francisco of San jOse got to found indigenous reductions on Hill of the Salt, on near Quimiri and other places, but the great indigenous rebellion commanded by Juan Holy Atahualpa in 1742, ends them and maintains the region closed by several Decades

Certain Science is not known the number of amueshas that they existed then, but surely already had begun to be victims of Diseases introduced by white Man . During Century XIX, the zone again is abierta by expeditions that they look for to establish routes towards low forest and by attempts of Colonization like which Government promotes with the arrival of Immigrants German to Pozuzo .

The arrival of the western man represented for amuesha the loss of Territories and the change of life habits, because they were grouped in towns and extensive territories his passed to property of colonists . To this it took them situation to group itself soon in a Amuesha Congress and in the Yanesha Federation, being this ethnic group of first who had a trade union organization. Law of Indigenous Communities, promulgated in 1974, during the government Military man, partly repaired to the situation of desposesión when granting in property to the groups amuesha some territories.

Amuesha lived on Caza, Pesca and Agriculture . Today the hunting is more and more rare and agriculture has been diversified, because amuesha Coffee has begun to cultivate and Annatto, as well as to develop forest activities, to operate nail of Animal cat and to raise for its consumption. Also is a source of income Crafts, especially Ceramic his .

In 1988, on a territory of 34,774 Hectares settled down, in District of Palcazu, Communal Reserve Yanesha in order to protect Fauna that serves as sustenance to the communities amuesha of the zone.

It is also seen

• natural Sanctuaries of Peru
• Ethnography of Peru
• Peruvian Amazonia
• Information system of the Biological and Environmental Diversity of the Peruvian Amazonia

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